Osteología del miembro torácico de la corzuela parda Mazama gouazoubira (g. Fischer, 1814) (Cetartiodactyla: Cervidae) / Osteology of the thoracic limb of south american gray brocket Mazama gouazoubira (Fischer, 1814) (Cetartiodactyla: Cervidae)

El objetivo del estudio fue describir las características anatómicas y establecer hipótesis morfo-funcionales del esqueleto del miembro torácico de Mazama gouazoubira. Para ello, se utilizaron los miembros torácicos de cuatro adultos jóvenes. Los huesos se prepararon mediante ebullición y fueron blanqueados en una solución de peróxido de hidrógeno para obtener descripciones comparativas, mediciones osteométricas y radiografías digitales. En comparación con los rumiantes domésticos, la escápula resultó ser ancha y plana, con el acromion pequeño, el proceso coracoides muy pequeño y sin tuberosidad de la espina. El húmero se observó alargado con la diáfisis redondeada en una sección transversal y con proyecciones no articulares lisas. La ulna se unió al radio hasta la epífisis distal y juntos formaron un espacio interóseo proximal alargado y estrecho, sin surco vascular. El esqueleto de la mano presentó los metacarpianos III y IV bien desarrollados y fusionados, mientras que los metacarpianos II y V resultaron rudimentarios con disposición telemetacarpiana, filogenéticamente típico de cérvidos del Nuevo Mundo. Se encontraron cuatro dedos con tres falanges en cada uno, de los cuales, dos corresponden a los principales (III y IV) que llegan al suelo y dos son rudimentarios (II y V). Las radiografías nos permitieron visualizar los patrones de tensiones trabeculares normales y la osteometría permitió establecer relaciones con fines comparativos. Se reconocieron las adaptaciones esqueléticas del miembro torácico para favorecer la locomoción cursorial saltatoria.

This study aimed to describe anatomical features of the forelimb skeleton of Mazama gouazoubira in order to establish morphofunctional activity. Forelimbs of four young adult specimens were used to this end. The bones were prepared by boiling and cleared in a solution of hydrogen peroxide for comparative descriptions, osteometrics measurements and digital radiographs. Compared to domestic ruminants, the scapula proved to be wide and flat, with a small acromion, reduced coracoid process and lacking of spine tuberosity. The humerus had an elongated shaft with a rounded cross-section and discrete non-articular projections. The ulna accompanied the radio to the distal epiphysis and formed a long and narrow, proximally placed interosseous space without a vascular groove. The skeleton of the hand presented the rudimentary metacarpals II and V and the well-developed III and IV fused metacarpals, which is a typical telemetacarpal arrangement of close phylogenetically deer species from the New World. There were four fingers, each one with three phalanges; two main (III and IV) touching the ground and two rudimentary (II and V). Radiographs allowed visualizing patterns of normal trabecular tensions and osteometrics enabled to establish ratios for comparative purposes. Adaptations of skeletal forelimb to favor cursorial saltatory locomotion were typically identified.

Jogando com as máquinas: relação entre videogames violentos e cognições agressivas / Playing with the machines: the relationship between violent video games and aggressive cognitions

O presente artigo objetivou verificar a relação entre a preferência por conteúdos violentos e hábitos relacionados aos jogos de videogames com a tendência a cognições agressivas. Para participar do estudo, era necessário que os participantes tivessem conta na rede social Facebook. Não só jogadores puderam participar, contanto que fossem maiores de idade. O instrumento de levantamento de cognições foi criado no aplicativo online Google Docs. No instrumento, os participantes completaram algumas palavras dispostas e preencheram perguntas a respeito de hábitos de jogo e o quanto estes fazem parte de sua rotina, seus pensamentos e suas interações sociais. Para avaliar cognições agressivas, foram apresentados 12 conjuntos de letras no qual cada um deles exibia uma sequência com uma lacuna a ser completada, por exemplo, S_CO, cabendo as respostas SACO, SUCO, SOCO ou SECO. Foram verificados, ainda, os hábitos de jogo e as características sócio demográficas dos participantes. A partir dos resultados obtidos, pôde-se concluir que não houve significância na relação entre a preferência por games de conteúdo violento e cognições agressivas. (AU)

This paper aimed verify the relationship between preference for violent content and habits related to videogames games with the tendency to aggressive cognitions. To participate in the study, it was necessary that the participants had account on the Facebook social network. Not only players were able to participate, provided they were of legal age. The cognitions survey instrument was created in the online application Google Docs. In the instrument, participants completed a few submitted words and answered questions about gambling habits and how these are part of your routine, your thoughts and your social interactions. To assess aggressive cognitions, they were submitted 12 sets of letters in which each exhibited a sequence with a gap to be completed, e.g. S_CO fitting responses SACO, SUCO, SOCO or SECO. They were checked also habits of play and sociodemographic characteristics of the participants. From the results obtained, it could be concluded that there was no significance in the relationship between preference for violent content of games and aggressive cognitions. (AU)